Fire Management

Africa is known as the Fire Continent due to frequent biomass burning in its savannas and grasslands. Fire plays a crucial global ecological role and must be considered in rangeland management for livestock and wildlife. Themeda triandra (rooigras, red grass) dominates healthy natural pasture, supporting both native and introduced herbivores critical for wildlife, livestock production, and rural livelihoods. This fire-adapted species thrives with proper management but declines under constant, selective grazing.

The management of both the fire and the burnt natural pasture are important consideration to ensure the sustainability and increase of Themeda triandra.

1.      Backburning (against the wind) are hot fires that are more damaging compared to head fires (burning with the wind).

2.      Burning after a rain in spring gives a cooler fire.

3.    Timing of burning can affect the heat of the fire. But not necessary effect the grass sward. In nature thundershowers occur mainly during the summer months and thus mainly burnt during summer months.

4.      Frequency of burning the same area with grazing will negatively affect the sward.

5.    Grazing after the fire with continuous or frequent grazing will cause root death and eventual death of the Themeda plant.

Fire also limits the invasion of shrubs, bush and trees especially with hot fires.

Natural pasture fires significantly affect soil properties, influencing physical, chemical, and biological aspects. These effects can be complex and vary depending on fire intensity, severity, and frequency. Fires can alter soil structure, texture, and water retention, potentially impacting nutrient cycling, microbial activity, and overall soil health. 

Fires are a natural part of many ecosystems and can be beneficial for maintaining biodiversity and plant health, but they can also pose risks to property and human life when uncontrolled.